Te tātaritanga me ngā tikanga ārai i te rahunga o te puna

Koanga he wāhanga nui o ngā mīhini whānui, e whai wāhi ana ki te taurite ārai, te rokiroki pūngao, te whakahaere aunoa, te tūnga whakahoki, te inihua haumaru me ētahi atu. He maha ngā take ka pakaru te puna i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka puta he pakaru miihini. Nō reira, me matapakihia ngā take o te pakaru o te puna me te ārai i te tono.

Ko ngā āhuatanga matua e arahi ana ki te rahunga o te puna ko ngā hapa o ngā rauemi, ngā hapa o te tukatuka me te hanga, te maimoatanga wera hē, te maimoatanga mata hē, me ngā āhuatanga o te taiao mahi. Ko ngā hapa o te mata o te puna, tae atu ki ngā tohu tukinga, te kakahu o te fretting, ngā poka, me ētahi atu, te take nui rawa o te rahunga o te puna, e 50%. Hei tāpiri, e 20% ngā kapiti; 13% te whakaurunga me te porosity; tata ki te 3% te tango waro, te maimoatanga wera me te whakapakari mata.

Ka taea te puta o te rahunga o te puna i te take kotahi, i te mahi tahi rānei o ētahi take. Nō reira, me tirotiro tuatahi te tātari rahunga o te puna i te āhuatanga rahunga o te tauira, me kimi tōna āhua rahunga, kātahi ka kimi i ngā take o tōna rahunga, ā, kāore e taea te whakatakoto i ngā mahi whakapai ake.

Te rahunga o te puna i puta mai i ngā rauemi mata o te puna:

(1) Nā te rerekētanga o ngā tikanga whakarewa o te maitai, ka rerekē ngā taumata o ngā whakaurunga ki roto i te maitai ka puta ai te pakaru wawe o te puna, ka pāngia ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te rauemi e te nui rawa o ngā whakaurunga, te rahi nui rānei, te kore ōritetanga, ā, ka ngāwari te pakaru wawe o te ngenge. Tauira: I pakaru te puna pae torsion i whakamahia mō te whakatārewatanga waka i te wā i puta ai te motuka hou i te whare putunga. E whakaatu ana te tātari i ahu mai te pakaru i te whakaurunga matotoru, pakarukaru i runga i te mata o raro o te puna.

Ngā mahi ārai:

Me tino pai te kounga o te rauemi puna ki te tukatuka koura, pērā i te whakahaere pakari i te hanganga matū, te parakore teitei, me te iti o te ihirangi whakauru, ā, me rite tonu te hanganga me te whakaritenga o te rauemi. Hei whakaiti i ngā hau kino me ngā huānga poke i roto i te maitai, hei whakapai ake hoki i te parakore o te maitai, me whakamahi i ngā hangarau whakapai ake pērā i te whakapai korehau me te whakarewa anō i te para hiko.

(2) Ngā hapa ka puta mai i te tukanga hurihuri: te whakahekenga o ngā paipa me ngā pakaru o waenganui; te hapa whakapiko; ngā hapa rārangi, ngā karawarawa;

Te rua waikura o te mata: He mata kua wera rawa, he kiri karaka, he rua hemp; Ka taea e ēnei te pakaru o te puna.

Ngā mahi ārai:

Me ngana ngā mira maitai ki te karo me te whakakore i ngā hapa i puta i te tukanga hurihuri; me whakapakari ake ngā wheketere puna i te tirotiro kounga o ngā rauemi mata puna, me te ngana ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi kounga pai o te mata.

Te rahunga o te puna i puta mai i te tukanga hangahanga:

Tērā pea ka puta ngā hapa o te mata o ngā puna porowhita matao nā te ngoikore o ngā taputapu, nā te kore rānei o te whakatikatika i te wā e whakamahia ana. Kōpiko Punai.

Hei tauira, ina tapahia te puna e te mīhini takai puna aunoa, ka kuhua pea e te maripi tapahi te mata o roto o te waea maitai e tata ana ki te mowhiti puna. Ka tino poto te roa o te ora o te puna nā te mea he hapa kiri karaka te mata o te puna nā te pāmahana teitei o te hanga wera.

Ki te hangaia wera rānei, nā te mea he iti rawa te pāmahana whakamahana, kāore i te rawaka te kirihou o te maitai, ā, ka nui ake te ahotea o te mata o te puna i te rohe kaha o te rauemi i te wā o te tukanga hanga wera, ka puta ngā kapiti.

Ngā mahi ārai:

I roto i te tukanga hangahanga, me whakapakari ake hoki te tirotiro kounga o te mata o te puna kia kore ai e puta he hapa o te mata.

Te rahunga o te puna i puta mai i ngā hapa o te tukanga maimoatanga wera:

Ka puta te ahotea wera i te kore ōrite o te tohatoha o te mata me te pāmahana o waenganui o te puna i te wā e whakamahana ana, e whakamatao ana rānei, ā, ka puta te ahotea whakahaere i te tukanga huringa āhua, ā, ka nui ake te uara katoa i te rohe kaha o te rauemi, ka hua ake te ngatata.

He nui ake te kitea o tēnei hapa i roto i te puna nui kua tineia ki te wai; kāore e taea te whakatika i te kapiti i muri i te tineia, engari me tango noa. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā hapa o ngā rauemi mata, pērā i ngā kōhao whakaheke toenga i roto i te maitai, ngā ira mā, ngā tohu o ngā taputapu tukatuka makariri, ngā karawarawa me te whakapiko i te tukanga kukume makariri me te hurihuri wera, ka puta te kukū o te ahotea me te pakaru i te wā tineia.

Nā te mata tuatahi o te kapiti poto me te pāpaku o te puna kamupene, i te wā e whakamahana ana i te whakamahana, ka piki te kapiti i te taha o te whānui radial ki te 3.9mm, i roto i te ngenge whakamātautau, i te tuatahi ka whānui haere tae noa ki te rahi tino nui, ā, ka pakaru wawe te puna. He hanganga rerekē nā te maimoatanga wera hē, pērā i te martensite matotoru kua tineihia;

Ko te ferrite preeutectoid, te ferrite kore utu rānei; te wehewehenga carbide; te whakarerekētanga o te puna e te maimoatanga wera; ka pakaru te puna i te waikura me te tango waro.

Ngā mahi ārai:

Haunga te whakahaere pūmau i te pāmahana whakamahana me te wā pupuri, he mea tino nui te whakahaere i te āhuarangi i roto i te oumu, me te tātari auau i te hanganga o te hau whakamahana kia mau tonu ai te tuku wera. Hei whakaiti i te rerekētanga me te whakakore i te pakaru o te tinei, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā puna hanga wera nui rawa, ka whakamataohia ngā puna hanga wera whānui ki te hinu.